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Source code for torch.distributed.fsdp.api

"""
This file includes public APIs for FSDP such as the classes used for the
constructor arguments.
"""

from dataclasses import dataclass
from enum import auto, Enum
from typing import Optional, Sequence, Type

import torch
from torch.nn.modules.batchnorm import _BatchNorm


__all__ = [
    "ShardingStrategy",
    "BackwardPrefetch",
    "MixedPrecision",
    "CPUOffload",
    "StateDictType",
    "StateDictConfig",
    "FullStateDictConfig",
    "LocalStateDictConfig",
    "ShardedStateDictConfig",
    "OptimStateDictConfig",
    "FullOptimStateDictConfig",
    "LocalOptimStateDictConfig",
    "ShardedOptimStateDictConfig",
    "StateDictSettings",
]


[docs]class ShardingStrategy(Enum): """ This specifies the sharding strategy to be used for distributed training by :class:`FullyShardedDataParallel`. - ``FULL_SHARD``: Parameters, gradients, and optimizer states are sharded. For the parameters, this strategy unshards (via all-gather) before the forward, reshards after the forward, unshards before the backward computation, and reshards after the backward computation. For gradients, it synchronizes and shards them (via reduce-scatter) after the backward computation. The sharded optimizer states are updated locally per rank. - ``SHARD_GRAD_OP``: Gradients and optimizer states are sharded during computation, and additionally, parameters are sharded outside computation. For the parameters, this strategy unshards before the forward, does not reshard them after the forward, and only reshards them after the backward computation. The sharded optimizer states are updated locally per rank. Inside ``no_sync()``, the parameters are not resharded after the backward computation. - ``NO_SHARD``: Parameters, gradients, and optimizer states are not sharded but instead replicated across ranks similar to PyTorch's :class:`DistributedDataParallel` API. For gradients, this strategy synchronizes them (via all-reduce) after the backward computation. The unsharded optimizer states are updated locally per rank. - ``HYBRID_SHARD``: Apply ``FULL_SHARD`` within a node, and replicate parameters across nodes. This results in reduced communication volume as expensive all-gathers and reduce-scatters are only done within a node, which can be more performant for medium -sized models. - ``_HYBRID_SHARD_ZERO2``: Apply ``SHARD_GRAD_OP`` within a node, and replicate parameters across nodes. This is like ``HYBRID_SHARD``, except this may provide even higher throughput since the unsharded parameters are not freed after the forward pass, saving the all-gathers in the pre-backward. """ FULL_SHARD = auto() SHARD_GRAD_OP = auto() NO_SHARD = auto() HYBRID_SHARD = auto() _HYBRID_SHARD_ZERO2 = auto()
[docs]class BackwardPrefetch(Enum): """ This configures explicit backward prefetching, which improves throughput by enabling communication and computation overlap in the backward pass at the cost of slightly increased memory usage. - ``BACKWARD_PRE``: This enables the most overlap but increases memory usage the most. This prefetches the next set of parameters *before* the current set of parameters' gradient computation. This overlaps the *next all-gather* and the *current gradient computation*, and at the peak, it holds the current set of parameters, next set of parameters, and current set of gradients in memory. - ``BACKWARD_POST``: This enables less overlap but requires less memory usage. This prefetches the next set of parameters *after* the current set of parameters' gradient computation. This overlaps the *current reduce-scatter* and the *next gradient computation*, and it frees the current set of parameters before allocating memory for the next set of parameters, only holding the next set of parameters and current set of gradients in memory at the peak. - FSDP's ``backward_prefetch`` argument accepts ``None``, which disables the backward prefetching altogether. This has no overlap and does not increase memory usage. In general, we do not recommend this setting since it may degrade throughput significantly. For more technical context: For a single process group using NCCL backend, any collectives, even if issued from different streams, contend for the same per-device NCCL stream, which implies that the relative order in which the collectives are issued matters for overlapping. The two backward prefetching values correspond to different issue orders. """ # NOTE: For both modes, the ordering that defines "current" and "next" is # not always exact in the current implementation. A mistargeted prefetch # simply means that the parameter memory is allocated earlier than needed, # possibly increasing peak memory usage, but does not affect correctness. BACKWARD_PRE = auto() BACKWARD_POST = auto()
[docs]@dataclass class MixedPrecision: """ This configures FSDP-native mixed precision training. Attributes: param_dtype (Optional[torch.dtype]): This specifies the dtype for model parameters during forward and backward and thus the dtype for forward and backward computation. Outside forward and backward, the *sharded* parameters are kept in full precision (e.g. for the optimizer step), and for model checkpointing, the parameters are always saved in full precision. (Default: ``None``) reduce_dtype (Optional[torch.dtype]): This specifies the dtype for gradient reduction (i.e. reduce-scatter or all-reduce). If this is ``None`` but ``param_dtype`` is not ``None``, then this takes on the ``param_dtype`` value, still running gradient reduction in low precision. This is permitted to differ from ``param_dtype``, e.g. to force gradient reduction to run in full precision. (Default: ``None``) buffer_dtype (Optional[torch.dtype]): This specifies the dtype for buffers. FSDP does not shard buffers. Rather, FSDP casts them to ``buffer_dtype`` in the first forward pass and keeps them in that dtype thereafter. For model checkpointing, the buffers are saved in full precision except for ``LOCAL_STATE_DICT``. (Default: ``None``) keep_low_precision_grads (bool): If ``False``, then FSDP upcasts gradients to full precision after the backward pass in preparation for the optimizer step. If ``True``, then FSDP keeps the gradients in the dtype used for gradient reduction, which can save memory if using a custom optimizer that supports running in low precision. (Default: ``False``) cast_forward_inputs (bool): If ``True``, then this FSDP module casts its forward args and kwargs to ``param_dtype``. This is to ensure that parameter and input dtypes match for forward computation, as required by many ops. This may need to be set to ``True`` when only applying mixed precision to some but not all FSDP modules, in which case a mixed-precision FSDP submodule needs to recast its inputs. (Default: ``False``) cast_root_forward_inputs (bool): If ``True``, then the root FSDP module casts its forward args and kwargs to ``param_dtype``, overriding the value of ``cast_forward_inputs``. For non-root FSDP modules, this does not do anything. (Default: ``True``) _module_classes_to_ignore: (Sequence[Type[nn.Module]]): This specifies module classes to ignore for mixed precision when using an ``auto_wrap_policy``: Modules of these classes will have FSDP applied to them separately with mixed precision disabled (meaning that the final FSDP construction would deviate from the specified policy). If ``auto_wrap_policy`` is not specified, then this does not do anything. This API is experimental and subject to change. (Default: ``(_BatchNorm,)``) .. note:: This API is experimental and subject to change. .. note:: Only floating point tensors are cast to their specified dtypes. .. note:: In ``summon_full_params``, parameters are forced to full precision, but buffers are not. .. note:: Layer norm and batch norm accumulate in ``float32`` even when their inputs are in a low precision like ``float16`` or ``bfloat16``. Disabling FSDP's mixed precision for those norm modules only means that the affine parameters are kept in ``float32``. However, this incurs separate all-gathers and reduce-scatters for those norm modules, which may be inefficient, so if the workload permits, the user should prefer to still apply mixed precision to those modules. .. note:: By default, if the user passes a model with any ``_BatchNorm`` modules and specifies an ``auto_wrap_policy``, then the batch norm modules will have FSDP applied to them separately with mixed precision disabled. See the ``_module_classes_to_ignore`` argument. .. note:: ``MixedPrecision`` has ``cast_root_forward_inputs=True`` and ``cast_forward_inputs=False`` by default. For the root FSDP instance, its ``cast_root_forward_inputs`` takes precedence over its ``cast_forward_inputs``. For non-root FSDP instances, their ``cast_root_forward_inputs`` values are ignored. The default setting is sufficient for the typical case where each FSDP instance has the same ``MixedPrecision`` configuration and only needs to cast inputs to the ``param_dtype`` at the beginning of the model's forward pass. .. note:: For nested FSDP instances with different ``MixedPrecision`` configurations, we recommend setting individual ``cast_forward_inputs`` values to configure casting inputs or not before each instance's forward. In such a case, since the casts happen before each FSDP instance's forward, a parent FSDP instance should have its non-FSDP submodules run before its FSDP submodules to avoid the activation dtype being changed due to a different ``MixedPrecision`` configuration. Example:: >>> # xdoctest: +SKIP("undefined variables") >>> model = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(3, 3), nn.Linear(3, 3)) >>> model[1] = FSDP( >>> model[1], >>> mixed_precision=MixedPrecision(param_dtype=torch.float16, cast_forward_inputs=True), >>> ) >>> model = FSDP( >>> model, >>> mixed_precision=MixedPrecision(param_dtype=torch.bfloat16, cast_forward_inputs=True), >>> ) The above shows a working example. On the other hand, if ``model[1]`` were replaced with ``model[0]``, meaning that the submodule using different ``MixedPrecision`` ran its forward first, then ``model[1]`` would incorrectly see ``float16`` activations instead of ``bfloat16`` ones. """ param_dtype: Optional[torch.dtype] = None reduce_dtype: Optional[torch.dtype] = None buffer_dtype: Optional[torch.dtype] = None keep_low_precision_grads: bool = False cast_forward_inputs: bool = False cast_root_forward_inputs: bool = True _module_classes_to_ignore: Sequence[Type[torch.nn.Module]] = (_BatchNorm,)
[docs]@dataclass class CPUOffload: """ This configures CPU offloading. Attributes: offload_params (bool): This specifies whether to offload parameters to CPU when not involved in computation. If ``True``, then this offloads gradients to CPU as well, meaning that the optimizer step runs on CPU. """ offload_params: bool = False
class StateDictType(Enum): """ This enum indicates that which type of ``state_dict`` the FSDP module is currently processing (returning or loading). The default value is FULL_STATE_DICT to comply the PyTorch convention. ..note:: FSDP currently supports three types of ``state_dict``: 1. ``state_dict/load_state_dict`: this pair of APIs return and load the non-sharded, unflattened parameters. The semantics is the same as using DDP. 2. ``_local_state_dict/_load_local_state_dict``: this pair of APIs return and load local sharded, flattened parameters. The values returned by ``_local_state_dict`` can be directly used by FSDP and is only meaningful to FSDP (because parameters are flattened). Note that these APIs are meant for use via the :func:`state_dict_type` context manager as follows: >>> # xdoctest: +SKIP("undefined variables") >>> with fsdp.state_dict_type(StateDictType.LOCAL_STATE_DICT): ... state = fsdp.state_dict() # loads local state dict 3. ``_sharded_state_dict/_load_sharded_state_dict``: this pair of APIs return and load sharded, unflattened parameters. The ``state_dict`` return by ``sharded_state_dict`` can be used by all other parallel schemes (resharding may be required). """ FULL_STATE_DICT = auto() LOCAL_STATE_DICT = auto() SHARDED_STATE_DICT = auto()
[docs]@dataclass class StateDictConfig: """ ``StateDictConfig`` is the base class for all ``state_dict`` configuration classes. Users should instantiate a child class (e.g. ``FullStateDictConfig``) in order to configure settings for the corresponding ``state_dict`` type supported by FSDP. Attributes: offload_to_cpu (bool): If ``True``, then FSDP offloads the state dict values to CPU, and if ``False``, then FSDP keeps them on GPU. (Default: ``False``) """ offload_to_cpu: bool = False
[docs]@dataclass class FullStateDictConfig(StateDictConfig): """ ``FullStateDictConfig`` is a config class meant to be used with ``StateDictType.FULL_STATE_DICT``. We recommend enabling both ``offload_to_cpu=True`` and ``rank0_only=True`` when saving full state dicts to save GPU memory and CPU memory, respectively. This config class is meant to be used via the :func:`state_dict_type` context manager as follows: >>> # xdoctest: +SKIP("undefined variables") >>> from torch.distributed.fsdp import FullyShardedDataParallel as FSDP >>> fsdp = FSDP(model, auto_wrap_policy=...) >>> cfg = FullStateDictConfig(offload_to_cpu=True, rank0_only=True) >>> with FSDP.state_dict_type(fsdp, StateDictType.FULL_STATE_DICT, cfg): >>> state = fsdp.state_dict() >>> # `state` will be empty on non rank 0 and contain CPU tensors on rank 0. >>> # To reload checkpoint for inference, finetuning, transfer learning, etc: >>> model = model_fn() # Initialize model in preparation for wrapping with FSDP >>> if dist.get_rank() == 0: >>> # Load checkpoint only on rank 0 to avoid memory redundancy >>> state_dict = torch.load("my_checkpoint.pt") >>> model.load_state_dict(state_dict) >>> # All ranks initialize FSDP module as usual. `sync_module_states` argument >>> # communicates loaded checkpoint states from rank 0 to rest of the world. >>> fsdp = FSDP(model, device_id=torch.cuda.current_device(), auto_wrap_policy=..., sync_module_states=True) >>> # After this point, all ranks have FSDP model with loaded checkpoint. Attributes: rank0_only (bool): If ``True``, then only rank 0 saves the full state dict, and nonzero ranks save an empty dict. If ``False``, then all ranks save the full state dict. (Default: ``False``) """ rank0_only: bool = False
[docs]@dataclass class LocalStateDictConfig(StateDictConfig): pass
[docs]@dataclass class ShardedStateDictConfig(StateDictConfig): """ ``ShardedStateDictConfig`` is a config class meant to be used with ``StateDictType.SHARDED_STATE_DICT``. Attributes: _use_dtensor (bool): If ``True``, then FSDP saves the state dict values as ``DTensor``, and if ``False``, then FSDP saves them as ``ShardedTensor``. (Default: ``False``) .. warning:: ``_use_dtensor`` is a private field of :class:`ShardedStateDictConfig` and it is used by FSDP to determine the type of state dict values. Users should not manually modify ``_use_dtensor``. """ _use_dtensor: bool = False
[docs]@dataclass class OptimStateDictConfig: """ ``OptimStateDictConfig`` is the base class for all ``optim_state_dict`` configuration classes. Users should instantiate a child class (e.g. ``FullOptimStateDictConfig``) in order to configure settings for the corresponding ``optim_state_dict`` type supported by FSDP. Attributes: offload_to_cpu (bool): If ``True``, then FSDP offloads the state dict's tensor values to CPU, and if ``False``, then FSDP keeps them on the original device (which is GPU unless parameter CPU offloading is enabled). (Default: ``True``) """ offload_to_cpu: bool = True
[docs]@dataclass class FullOptimStateDictConfig(OptimStateDictConfig): """ Attributes: rank0_only (bool): If ``True``, then only rank 0 saves the full state dict, and nonzero ranks save an empty dict. If ``False``, then all ranks save the full state dict. (Default: ``False``) """ rank0_only: bool = False
[docs]@dataclass class LocalOptimStateDictConfig(OptimStateDictConfig): offload_to_cpu: bool = False
[docs]@dataclass class ShardedOptimStateDictConfig(OptimStateDictConfig): """ ``ShardedOptimStateDictConfig`` is a config class meant to be used with ``StateDictType.SHARDED_STATE_DICT``. Attributes: _use_dtensor (bool): If ``True``, then FSDP saves the state dict values as ``DTensor``, and if ``False``, then FSDP saves them as ``ShardedTensor``. (Default: ``False``) .. warning:: ``_use_dtensor`` is a private field of :class:`ShardedOptimStateDictConfig` and it is used by FSDP to determine the type of state dict values. Users should not manually modify ``_use_dtensor``. """ _use_dtensor: bool = False
[docs]@dataclass class StateDictSettings: state_dict_type: StateDictType state_dict_config: StateDictConfig optim_state_dict_config: OptimStateDictConfig

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