# torch.lobpcg¶

torch.lobpcg(A, k=None, B=None, X=None, n=None, iK=None, niter=None, tol=None, largest=None, method=None, tracker=None, ortho_iparams=None, ortho_fparams=None, ortho_bparams=None)[source]

Find the k largest (or smallest) eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors of a symmetric positive definite generalized eigenvalue problem using matrix-free LOBPCG methods.

This function is a front-end to the following LOBPCG algorithms selectable via method argument:

method=”basic” - the LOBPCG method introduced by Andrew Knyazev, see [Knyazev2001]. A less robust method, may fail when Cholesky is applied to singular input.

method=”ortho” - the LOBPCG method with orthogonal basis selection [StathopoulosEtal2002]. A robust method.

Supported inputs are dense, sparse, and batches of dense matrices.

Note

In general, the basic method spends least time per iteration. However, the robust methods converge much faster and are more stable. So, the usage of the basic method is generally not recommended but there exist cases where the usage of the basic method may be preferred.

Warning

The backward method does not support sparse and complex inputs. It works only when B is not provided (i.e. B == None). We are actively working on extensions, and the details of the algorithms are going to be published promptly.

Warning

While it is assumed that A is symmetric, A.grad is not. To make sure that A.grad is symmetric, so that A - t * A.grad is symmetric in first-order optimization routines, prior to running lobpcg we do the following symmetrization map: A -> (A + A.t()) / 2. The map is performed only when the A requires gradients.

Parameters
• A (Tensor) – the input tensor of size $(*, m, m)$

• B (Tensor, optional) – the input tensor of size $(*, m, m)$. When not specified, B is interpereted as identity matrix.

• X (tensor, optional) – the input tensor of size $(*, m, n)$ where k <= n <= m. When specified, it is used as initial approximation of eigenvectors. X must be a dense tensor.

• iK (tensor, optional) – the input tensor of size $(*, m, m)$. When specified, it will be used as preconditioner.

• k (integer, optional) – the number of requested eigenpairs. Default is the number of $X$ columns (when specified) or 1.

• n (integer, optional) – if $X$ is not specified then n specifies the size of the generated random approximation of eigenvectors. Default value for n is k. If $X$ is specified, the value of n (when specified) must be the number of $X$ columns.

• tol (float, optional) – residual tolerance for stopping criterion. Default is feps ** 0.5 where feps is smallest non-zero floating-point number of the given input tensor A data type.

• largest (bool, optional) – when True, solve the eigenproblem for the largest eigenvalues. Otherwise, solve the eigenproblem for smallest eigenvalues. Default is True.

• method (str, optional) – select LOBPCG method. See the description of the function above. Default is “ortho”.

• niter (int, optional) – maximum number of iterations. When reached, the iteration process is hard-stopped and the current approximation of eigenpairs is returned. For infinite iteration but until convergence criteria is met, use -1.

• tracker (callable, optional) –

a function for tracing the iteration process. When specified, it is called at each iteration step with LOBPCG instance as an argument. The LOBPCG instance holds the full state of the iteration process in the following attributes:

iparams, fparams, bparams - dictionaries of integer, float, and boolean valued input parameters, respectively

ivars, fvars, bvars, tvars - dictionaries of integer, float, boolean, and Tensor valued iteration variables, respectively.

A, B, iK - input Tensor arguments.

E, X, S, R - iteration Tensor variables.

For instance:

ivars[“istep”] - the current iteration step X - the current approximation of eigenvectors E - the current approximation of eigenvalues R - the current residual ivars[“converged_count”] - the current number of converged eigenpairs tvars[“rerr”] - the current state of convergence criteria

Note that when tracker stores Tensor objects from the LOBPCG instance, it must make copies of these.

If tracker sets bvars[“force_stop”] = True, the iteration process will be hard-stopped.

• ortho_iparams (dict, optional) – various parameters to LOBPCG algorithm when using method=”ortho”.

• ortho_fparams (dict, optional) – various parameters to LOBPCG algorithm when using method=”ortho”.

• ortho_bparams (dict, optional) – various parameters to LOBPCG algorithm when using method=”ortho”.

Returns

tensor of eigenvalues of size $(*, k)$

X (Tensor): tensor of eigenvectors of size $(*, m, k)$

Return type

E (Tensor)

References

[Knyazev2001] Andrew V. Knyazev. (2001) Toward the Optimal Preconditioned Eigensolver: Locally Optimal Block Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient Method. SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 23(2), 517-541. (25 pages) https://epubs.siam.org/doi/abs/10.1137/S1064827500366124

[StathopoulosEtal2002] Andreas Stathopoulos and Kesheng Wu. (2002) A Block Orthogonalization Procedure with Constant Synchronization Requirements. SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 23(6), 2165-2182. (18 pages) https://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/S1064827500370883

[DuerschEtal2018] Jed A. Duersch, Meiyue Shao, Chao Yang, Ming Gu. (2018) A Robust and Efficient Implementation of LOBPCG. SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 40(5), C655-C676. (22 pages) https://epubs.siam.org/doi/abs/10.1137/17M1129830